UNG Authors Reception Bibliography 2022

<p>We acquired firm-level data from 27 post-communist economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia during 2002–08, and we estimated financial constraints’ longitudinal impacts on firms’ innovating activities. Overall, we found financial constraints to significantly impede firms’ innovation input and output, as we had expected. Through further studies, we also found the impacts of financial constraints to be contingent on multiple factors, such as an overall economy’s development level and firms’ exporting statuses. After grouping firms based on their countries’ income levels, we found financial constraints to significantly reduce innovations in developing countries, but not in developed countries. Meanwhile, we found financial constraints to significantly impede innovations in non-exporting firms, but not in exporting firms. On an extended timeline, financial constraints still significantly affect firms’ long-term innovation outputs, but not inputs.</p>

Financial Constraints and Firms' Innovation Activities in Post-Communist Economies

<h2 id="x-des">Book Description </h2>
<p>Financial literacy and financial education are not new topics, even though interest in these topics among policymakers, financial authorities, and academics continues to grow.<em> The Routledge Handbook of Financial Literacy </em>provides a comprehensive reference work that addresses both research perspectives and practical applications to financial education. This is the first volume to summarize the milestones of research in financial literacy from multiple perspectives to offer an overview.</p>
<p>The book is organized into six parts. The first three parts provide a conceptual framework, which discusses what financial literacy is, how it should be measured, and explains why it represents a relevant topic and effective tool in enhancing decision-making among consumers as well as consumer protection strategies. Part IV addresses the connection between financial education and financial literacy, with chapters about financial education in school settings as well as for adults. This part includes an analysis of the role of Fintech and the use of gamification in financial education. Part V is a collection of contributions that analyze financial literacy and financial education around the world, with a focus on geographical areas including the U.S., South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. This part also considers how financial literacy should be addressed in the case of Islamic finance. The concluding part of the book examines how financial literacy is related to other possible approaches to consumer finance and consumer protection, addressing the relationships between financial literacy and behavioral economics, financial well-being, and financial inclusion.</p>
<p>This volume is an indispensable reference for scholars who are new to the topic, including undergraduate and graduate students, and for experienced researchers who wish to enrich their knowledge, policymakers seeking a broader understanding and an international perspective, and practitioners who seek knowledge of best practices as well as innovative approaches.</p>

Financial Literacy in Central America and the Caribbean

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and less-than-optimal care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to challenge public health and clinical care organizations in the communities that are most impacted by HIV. In the era of evidence-based public health, it is imperative to monitor viral load (VL) in PLHIV according to global and national guidelines and assess the factors associated with variation in VL levels. Purpose: This study had two objectives—(a) to describe the levels of HIV VL in persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (b) to analyze the significance of variation in VL by patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, outcomes of HIV care, and geographic characteristics of HIV care facilities. Methods: The study population for this quantitative study was 49,460 PLHIV in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) receiving ART from 241 CDC-funded HIV/AIDS clinics in the Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa provinces of the DRC. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, including Tamhane’s T2 test for pairwise comparisons using de-identified data on all patients enrolled in the system by the time the data were extracted for this study by the HIV programs in May 2019. Results: The VL was undetectable (<40 copies/mL) for 56.4% of the patients and 24.7% had VL between 40 copies/mL and less than 1000 copies per mL, indicating that overall, 81% had VL < 1000 and were virologically suppressed. The remaining 19% had a VL of 1000 copies/mL or higher. The mean VL was significantly (p < 0.001) higher for males than for females (32,446 copies/mL vs. 20,786, respectively), persons <15 years of age compared to persons of ages ≥ 15 years at the time of starting ART (45,753 vs. 21,457, respectively), patients who died (125,086 vs. 22,090), those who were lost to follow-up (LTFU) (69,882 vs. 20,018), those with tuberculosis (TB) co-infection (64,383 vs. 24,090), and those who received care from urban clinics (mean VL = 25,236) compared to rural (mean VL = 3291) or semi-rural (mean VL = 26,180) clinics compared to urban. WHO clinical stages and duration on ART were not statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05 in this cohort. Conclusions: The VL was >1000 copies/mL for 19% of PLHIV receiving ART, indicating that these CDC-funded clinics and programs in the Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa provinces of DRC have more work to do. Strategically designed innovations in services are desirable, with customized approaches targeting PLHIV who are younger, male, those LTFU, with HIV/TB co-infection, and those receiving care from urban clinics.</p>

HIV Viral Suppression among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa Provinces of Democratic Republic of Congo

<p>The manipulation of popular religiosity by drug trafficking at the epicenter of the world drug market represents a challenge for Latin American theology. How might it reflect on popular religiosity in areas replete with cartels? How might it help popular religiosity to become the fruit of true justice without imposing the judgmental worldview of enlightened elites? This article will attempt to answer both questions over the course of four sections. First, it will describe the history of Latin American revaluations of popular religiosity as a theological starting point. Second, it will demonstrate the conceptualization of popular religion by Latin American and Hispanic scholars and theologians in the United States. Third, it will analyze how drug trafficking permeates popular religiosity in Latin America. Finally, it will propose an appropriate pastoral and theological approach to popular religiosity in areas affected by drug trafficking.</p>

The Opium of God’s People: Latin American/ Hispanic Theology, Popular Religiosity, and the Challenge of Narcotrafficking

<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>In baseball, a run scored on offense carries the same on-field (win) value as does a run prevented on defense. Both outcomes bear the same score margin implication. This presumption of unit equality is implicit in the Wins Above Replacement (WAR) measure, which treats units of offensive WAR (oWAR) and units of defensive WAR (dWAR) as perfectly substitutable toward win production. The purpose of this paper is to ask whether the salaries of Major League Baseball (MLB) players reveal such an equal valuation among MLB teams.</p>


<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>
<p>The authors examine the relationship between offensive output, defensive output and subsequent salary from free agency in MLB using a set of log-linear OLS, fixed effects regression specifications.</p>


<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>In general, estimated annual salary from free agency increases significantly and substantially with unit increases in a player's (prior season) wins above replacement WAR. Across specifications, the authors estimate a 42.5–43.4% increase in salary for year t for each additional unit of WAR in year <em>t</em>−1. The authors disaggregate WAR into offensive and defensive components (oWAR and dWAR) and estimate a 52.4–53.3 (4.8–7.2)% increase in salary for each additional unit of oWAR (dWAR).</p>


<h3>Originality/value</h3>
<p>The efficiency of the baseball labor market has been studied previously with mixed results. The novelty of the present study is its treatment of inputs not as positions or individual players but as the underlying offensive and defensive win production of players. The authors estimate free agency salary returns to (contract season) oWAR and dWAR in MLB to establish whether (to what extent) a salary premium for offensive output exists within MLB.</p>

Does a Salary Premium Exist for Offensive Output in Major League Baseball?

<p>This paper aims to analyze the impact of the terms of trade, export price, and import price on the Korean economy (that is, real GDP, CPI, money market rate, and real effective exchange rate), and vice versa in the simple vector autoregression. Design/methodology - We impose two assumptions, i.e., diagonality and bloc exogeneity, to correctly identify the impact of a factor to the others in the structural equation. With two contemporaneous assumptions in the structural VAR, this paper investigates the impacts of the terms of trade on the Korean economy and vice versa. Findings - Impulse responses to the shocks in the terms of trade and Korean economy show that 1) an impact of the terms of trade on the economy is different in export prices and in import prices. A higher export price is beneficial to the economy while a higher import price hurts the economy, and 2) an increase in real effective exchange rate and in interest rate constrains domestic production and lowers consumer prices. Originality/value - Unlike the conventional perception that a depreciation of a currency would promote exports and domestic production at the price of inflation, our result shows the opposite, and 3) real GDP and consumer prices are positively correlated. That is, an increase in real GDP does not only cause inflation, but an increase in consumer prices also promote domestic production. Yet, the only difference is that export prices and import prices end up higher with an increase in real GDP, but lower with inflation.</p>

Investigating the Interaction Between Terms of Trade and Domestic Economy : In the case of the Korean Economy

<p>The Gateways to Completion committee was appointed to study and redesign College Algebra at the University of North Georgia and began work in Fall 2018. The committee began the three-year process of examining the course, identifying areas of concern, proposing, piloting, and implementing the redesign. The committee studied data from the Office of Institutional Effectiveness, surveyed faculty and students, analyzed previously published objectives, created new objectives with sample questions, and piloted textbook curricula and online platforms. The 2019-2020 academic year began the enactment of the piloted redesign. The committee continues to analyze data in anticipation of year three.</p>

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivs

College Algebra (MATH 1111) Course Redesign at the University of North Georgia

<p>This study addresses a choice of quantity index when inefficiency exists. Performing simulations, we show that 1) the finding from the previous literature that the Fisher index and the Tornqvist index approximate each other is only a special case when inefficiency is negligible, 2) the Tornqvist index begins to deviate as inefficiency increases because the Tornqvist index uses the average cost shares as a weight in the calculation, and 3) the Tornqvist index eventually suffers from the Simpson's paradox, in which the average of two higher numbers are lower than the average of two lower numbers, when the factor substitutability is large. From these results, we conclude that the Fisher index is preferred to the Tornqvist index when any inefficient use of factors is suspected.</p>

A Choice of an Index under Inefficiency: Tornqvist or Fisher Index? Evidence from Simulation

<p>This paper examines the learning-by-exporting effect in Chinese manufacturing firms from 2005 to 2007. The traditional view is that exporting can lead to increased productivity by facilitating access to the global market and, thus, information and cutting-edge technologies. This process has been explained by the learning-by-exporting theory, which is supported by mixed empirical evidence. A semiparametric estimation method was used to measure firm-level productivity and examine the contingent impact of exports on productivity. On the one hand, the exporting firms exhibited significantly higher productivity and faster growth than the non-exporting firms. On the other hand, the effect of exporting on productivity was dependent upon firms’ innovation behavior. Therefore, the learning-by-exporting effect is contingent on a firm’s innovation capabilities. Only sufficiently innovative firms could actually experience faster growth through exports and innovation. For non-innovative firms, exporting could even result in decreased productivity. This paper successfully reconciles the mixed findings from the existing literature and explains why both positive and negative evidence can simultaneously and reasonably exist under learning-by-exporting theory.</p>

Retesting the "Learning-by-Exporting" Theory: An Investigation of Chinese Manufacturers' Productivity under Globalization

<p>In recent years, securitisation discourses related to regional constructs in Asia have galvanised a shift from the Asia-Paciﬁc to the Indo-Paciﬁc. China’s rise, particularly the perceived assertiveness and counter-normative nature of its foreign policy, have promoted a growing discourse of enmity, unease and fear, thus facilitating its securitisation by key global and regional actors. Through their promotion of securitisation discourses, political and military leaders in the United States, Japan, India and Australia are demonstrating two interrelated dynamics that reveal the political process of region-making: (1) how securitisation discourse not only exposes the threat perception of individual states, but also the role they see for themselves and others in the management of these threats; and (2) how these securitisation discourses galvanise regional formation and transformation based on shared threat perceptions and modes of threat management. Con-sequently, the meta-geographical transformation of the Asia-Pacific into the Indo-Pacific is predicated on a political process underpinned by securitisation discourses centred on China. This process has signiﬁcant implications for regional order as well as security dynamics, particularly because the construction of the Indo-Paciﬁc region by these pivotal actors results in the remaking of the region that situates China and the South China Sea at its centre, thus framing it as the target of containment. Furthermore, the concept of the Indo-Paciﬁc merges the separate strategic spaces of the Paciﬁc and Indian Oceans as a cohesive strategic space, wherein India and smaller Southeast Asian states are also included in securitisation discourses related to China.</p>

Constituting the Indo-Pacific: Securitization and the Processes of Region-Making

<p>The Basics of Global Politics is an introduction to world politics for any beginner political science student. The aim of this text is to introduce the basic elements of the study of the theories of international relations and world politics. It discusses the central actors and decision makers, and a sample of issues of global importance such as nationalism, war, terrorism, and environmental concerns. This book reviews domestic and international politics, political ideologies, and explores additional critical lenses such as feminism and environmental theory.</p>

The Basics of Global Politics

<p>There are limited data in the literature on the Allcore360º core-training device and on the acute effects of isomeric core training. This descriptive study examined the physiological responses to 2 sessions 6 wks apart of 6 rotations (3 clockwise, 3 counterclockwise) for a total of 6 min on the Allcore360º core training system. Twelve subjects (4 male and 8 female) were evaluated for metabolic (VO2), heart rate, blood pressure, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) before, during, and immediately after each of the 6-min sessions. The subjects wore a K5 metabolic unit and heart rate (HR) strap to collect metabolic and HR data. Blood pressure (BP) was checked pre and immediate post exercise. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected immediately post exercise using the Borg RPE scale (6-20). HR increased significantly during session 1 and session 2 (P<0.001). SBP and DBP responses increased significantly in Session 1 and Session 2 (P<0.001). VO2 and ventilation increased significantly (P<0.001). The RPE immediately post assessment was 12.9 ± 1.2 in Session 1 and 12.75 in Session 2; a rating of ‘somewhat hard’.</p>

Physiological Responses to Allcore360º Core  Training System

<p>This study seeks to find where undocumented workers reside in the USA. By postulating that the US destination of an undocumented worker is affected by socio-economic factors, an equation is estimated using the standard panel-data methods. A static panel-data estimation (fixed-effects and random effects) does not reveal a meaningful relation between undocumented workers and other factors. The Arellano-Bond estimation, in which the previous level of undocumented workers are used as a proxy for a network, provides statistically significant relations at the 0.05 level; the number of undocumented workers in a state is determined by the state's socio-economic factors such as economic conditions (e.g., unemployment rate and household income) and social factors necessary to form a network (e.g., foreign-born population, Hispanic population, urban population, the number of households having limited English-speaking ability and the previous level of undocumented workers). Among these factors, the previous level of undocumented workers has the largest impact on the current level of undocumented workers.</p>

Econometric Search of Undocumented Workers in the USA

<p>This chapter moves away from the absolute and abstract universals proposed by most linguists to advance a concept of universals that is more statistical than absolute, and that is based more on our embodied experience in our natural and social environments than on an idealized mental faculty. Recognizing inputs from African languages and their speakers, the multicausal scenario adopted here asserts that no viable account of lexico-semantics in Afro-Atlantic colonial era contact repertoires is possible without also invoking the role of the embodied and contextualized imaginative processes of the human mind, such as metaphorical and metonymic reasoning.</p>

Conceptual construal, convergence, and the Creole lexicon

<p>This paper discusses the existence of metaphors that are linked to popular discourses of imperialism, colonialism, and plunder in the Caribbean. Strategies of discursive erasure were implemented in the Caribbean as a result of the insurrectional response to colonialism on the part of Indigenous peoples, Afro-Caribbean peoples, and poor European indentured servants. The maroonage and revolts that occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries are examples of actions that were motivated by a distinct way of thinking, namely a conceptual system of resistance, which was in conflict with the Western program of capital accumulation.</p>

Popular Geopolitical Metaphors We Live(d) by: Remarks on Western Hegemonic Discourses and Caribbean Colonial History

<p>Stephanie Rountree finds slavery to be inextricable from “the logic of US liberal democracy” both before and after Emancipation. In “A Literary Genealogy of ‘Slavery’s Capitalism’ in Chesnutt and Faulkner,” Rountree introduces the concept of “anteliberalism” to designate a national literary history probing “the triangulation of capitalism, citizenship, and corporeality in post-Eman­cipation US governance” as it continues to answer to “enslaving logics.” Rountree traces this critique of liberalism from <em>Light in August</em>—where slavery’s biopolitical legacies can be seen not only in the corporeal dis­cipline and racialized (non)citizenship of Joe Christmas but also in the depleted, hookworm-infested bodies of Doane’s Mill, Alabama, upon the departure of the rapacious industrial lumbering operation once situ­ated there—back to Charles Chesnutt’s 1900 story “Lonesome Ben,” whose character-narrator Julius McAdoo witnesses to the ongoing con­sumption of enslaved bodies into the post-Reconstruction decades and beyond. Chesnutt’s Ben is a runaway slave who subsists by eating clay from a local stream bank, only to discover that the yellowish soil leaves him pale-skinned and unrecognizable to his loved ones and even his master. Lonely and dejected, he pines away at the clay bank until his death, whereupon his decomposing body returns to the soil now eaten, a generation later, by poor whites who replicate his lethargy and sallow complexion—symptoms that happen to mimic precisely those of hookworm. In Rountree’s genealogy, Chesnutt’s characters thus anticipate both the hookworm-afflicted denizens of Doane’s Mill and the young Joe Christmas, whose toothpaste-eating in the dietitian’s closet falls afoul of the biopolitics of respectability advocated by Booker T. Washington and leads immediately to his racial denigration. For Rountree, these stories allegorize how the liberal nation-state actually tightened rather than relaxed its grip on the body-servants of US capitalism in the wake of Emancipation. Like other writers in the anteliberal tradition, Chesnutt and Faulkner offer sobering reminders that slavery’s constitutional abolition has not brought an end to slavery’s capitalism.</p>

A Literary Genealogy of Slavery's Capitalism in Chestnut and Faulkner

<p>In his third novel, Salvation Army, published in France in 2006, Taïa pursues his use of autofiction, a style of writing that is very much favored by many French authors and gives the reader a poignant account of some of the most important relationships he has had in his life. The novel tells the story of Abdellah’s journey to Geneva to pursue his graduate studies, and the struggles he encounters during his first few days in this city, but also of happier times in Morocco. Through the prism of Queer Theory, I argue that movement, whether it be through the author’s writing, the temporal movement between the present of the novel and the flashbacks in Morocco or the geographical movement, contributes to the creation of a queer Moroccan identity. I first propose to look at the movement in the writing of the novel, and how the changes in pronouns in each of the three parts of the novel are an integral part in the creation of this queer identity. I then look at the chronological movement, with the incessant back and forth between the present of the novel, the chapters in Geneva, and the past, represented by the chapters in Morocco, and how this temporal movement participates in the creation of Abdellah’s identity as a queer identity. Finally, the geographical movement also informs this queer identity. In Salvation Army, a great deal of attention is brought to the description and importance of the different places where Abdellah moves and interacts with other characters.</p>

Sexual Fluidity and Movements in Abdellah Taïa's L'armée du salut; The Birth of a Queer Moroccan Francophone Identity

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> This qualitative study examines how engaging Interprofessional student teams in global health mission trips affects critical thinking, Interprofessional engagement, and collegiality in health profession students. Two pedagogical strategies that foster broad integrated knowledge and skills are the use of Interprofessional Education (IPE) and International service-learning (ISL) opportunities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO)(2010), “Interprofessional education is a necessary step in preparing a ‘collaborative practice-ready’ health workforce that is better prepared to respond to local health needs.”</p>

Interprofessional Education and Service Learning: Improving Critical Thinking and Collegiality Through International Health Mission Trips

<p>Teaching mathematics involves a variety of techniques and approaches in order to reach students’ academic needs in a way that aids them in achieving at the level required by state standards. One of the ways that educators are meeting the needs of their students is through using computer-based programs. In this study, 17 fifth grade students were placed into two groups and assigned computerbased programs. One program, MobyMax, offered students scaffolding measures to aid in concept development. The other program, IXL, offered students detailed feedback in response to their answer submissions. This study was designed to determine the impact of the features of the two computer-based programs on student achievement through problem solving and their level of motivation. Students in both groups experienced gains in problem-solving ability on average, while it appeared that those who received instruction through MobyMax benefitted more. Time spent on the program did not appear to be a contributing factor to gain score for problem solving. And student motivation showed little change throughout using either computer-based program.</p>

Comparing computer-based programs’ impact on problem solving ability and motivation.

We study the precise asymptotic behavior of a non-trivial solution that converges to zero, as time tends to infinity, of dissipative systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The nonlinear term of the equations may not possess a Taylor series expansion about the origin. This absence technically cripples previous proofs in establishing an asymptotic expansion, as an infinite series, for such a decaying solution. In the current paper, we overcome this limitation and obtain an infinite series asymptotic expansion, as time goes to infinity. This series expansion provides large time approximations for the solution with the errors decaying exponentially at any given rates. The main idea is to shift the center of the Taylor expansions for the nonlinear term to a non-zero point. Such a point turns out to come from the non-trivial asymptotic behavior of the solution, which we prove by a new and simple method. Our result applies to different classes of non-linear equations that have not been dealt with previously.

CC BY 4.0 Attribution

Infinite series asymptotic expansions for decaying solutions of dissipative differential equations with non-smooth nonlinearity

<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>Sports economists have consistently found that winning positively impacts team revenue fans prefer to allocate their entertainment dollars to winning teams. Previous research has also found that fans do not have a preference for how their team wins. However, this research ignores the significant variability in revenue that can exist between teams with similar attendance figures. The authors contribute to the literature by testing whether profit maximizing teams should pay different amounts for different types of production by estimating the marginal revenue product of a win due to offense, defense and pitching.</p>


<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>
<p>Using data from the 2010–2017 Major League Baseball seasons and an Ordinary Least Squares-Fixed Effects approach, the authors test whether a unit of offensive, defensive and pitching production generates differing amounts of team revenue both before and after revenue sharing. The authors then test if team Wins Above Replacement is a good approximation of actual wins while accounting for the previously observed nonlinear relationship between wins and revenue.</p>


<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The authors found that marginal revenue product estimates in the postrevenue sharing model for mowar, pwar and dwar are nearly identical to each other. Further, after predicting prerevenue sharing, the authors find that fans have no preference for mowar, pwar or dwar play styles.</p>


<h3>Originality/value</h3>
<p>The findings illustrate that team decision-makers appear to be acting irrationally by paying more for offense than they do for defense. Thus, the findings suggest that team decision-makers should value defensive wins and pitching wins at the same rate as offensive wins on the free agent market.</p>

Is offense worth more than defense and pitching? Marginal revenue product and revenue sharing in major league baseball

<p>As colleges and universities push to offer more online offerings, particularly during this current pandemic, concerns about upholding standards of excellence surface. As a result, programs like Quality Matters (QM) have flourished in an attempt to make courses not only easily accessible, but also tied to learning outcomes. This paper takes a look at the Quality Matters framework with the goal of easing new instructors into the process; it breaks down the specific review standards into easily understandable “bucket” categories, and assesses how it fits within introductory political science and international relations courses. It will also make recommendations on potential activities and assignments to help fit QM’s active learning framework, which should be helpful for new and seasoned instructors alike.</p>

Implementing Quality Matters in The Political Science Online Classroom

We formulate the generalized Forchheimer equations for the three-dimensional fluid flows in rotating porous media. By implicitly solving the momentum in terms of the pressure’s gradient, we derive a degenerate parabolic equation for the density in the case of slightly compressible fluids and study its corresponding initial boundary value problem. We investigate the nonlinear structure of the parabolic equation. The maximum principle is proved and used to obtain the maximum estimates for the solution. Various estimates are established for the solution’s gradient, in the Lebesgue norms of any order, in terms of the initial and boundary data. All estimates contain explicit dependence on key physical parameters, including the angular speed.

Slightly Compressible Forchheimer Flows in Rotating Porous Media

<p>This book argues that embryology and the reproductive sciences played a key role in the rise of the Gothic novel in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Diana Pérez Edelman dissects Horace Walpole’s use of embryological concepts in the development of his Gothic imagination and provides an overview of the conflict between preformation and epigenesis in the scientific community. The book then explores the ways in which Gothic literature can be read as epigenetic in its focus on internally sourced modes of identity, monstrosity, and endless narration. The chapters analyze Horace Walpole’s <em>The Castle of Otranto</em>; Ann Radcliffe’s <em>A Sicilian Romance</em>, <em>The Italian</em>, and <em>The Mysteries of Udolpho</em>; Mary Shelley’s <em>Frankenstein</em>; Charles Robert Maturin’s <em>Melmoth the Wanderer</em>; and James Hogg’s <em>Confessions of a Justified Sinner</em>, arguing that these touchstones of the Gothic register <em>why</em> the Gothic emerged at that time and <em>why</em> it continues today: the mysteries of reproduction remain unsolved.</p>